What are the symptoms of HIV infection?

What are the symptoms of HIV infection? HIV itself does not cause any disease, but when the immune system is destroyed by HIV, the human body loses the opportunity to replicate immune cells due to low resistance, thus infecting other diseases, which can be asymptomatic before developing into AIDS patients. After the development of patients, due to the different pathogens of opportunistic infection, the clinical manifestations of patients are varied. After AIDS infection, some cases showed similar manifestations of mononucleosis, some became virus carriers with no clinical symptoms, and some developed into typical AIDS after 6 months to 4 years or more incubation period.

Four stages of HIV infection

According to the clinical progress and prognosis, HIV infection was divided into four stages: acute HIV infection, asymptomatic HIV infection, pre-AIDS and AIDS.

(1) Acute HIV infection stage

The symptoms of acute HIV infection are non-specific. Within 1-6 weeks after infection with HIV, 53% of the infected people developed acute symptoms, the main clinical manifestations were fever, fatigue, myalgia, anorexia, nausea gay masturbation , diarrhea and non-exudative pharyngitis, and some patients had headache, photophobia and meningeal irritation. A rash occurs in the torso of people infected with 1, 4, 2 and 2, which can be macular papules, rose rashes, or urticaria. A small number of infected people may have encephalitis, peripheral neuritis and acute polyradiculitis. Cervical, axillary, occipital lymph node enlargement, occasional hepatosplenomegaly, oral esophageal ulcer or Candida infection. Most of the symptoms disappeared within 1 month. 2-4 weeks after the onset of symptoms, the body HIV antibody gradually turned positive. The time from infection to seroconversion is called "window period" penispumpe , which is usually 4-8 weeks.

Window phase (window period), the time it takes from the time the patient is infected with HIV to the time the antibody is formed. Generally infected with HIV-1 to produce serum antibody positive about 45 days, the window period is also contagious. WR0 shows that HIV has been exposed through different routes of transmission, and understanding this stage of patients is helpful for early diagnosis and treatment. WR1 is reliable experimental evidence of HIV infection. Although most patients have no clinical manifestations, a few patients may have symptoms similar to mononucleosis, such as fatigue, fever, enlarged lymph nodes and skin rash. WR2 shows systemic progressive lymphadenopathy, which is the first symptom of immunodeficiency in most patients for about 3 to 5 years. WR3 showed that T helper or induced cells continued to be lower than 400 × 106 ppm / L, and the immune function decreased for about 18 months. WR4 had direct evidence of cellular immunodeficiency and did not respond to three of the four skin delayed type hypersensitivity tests. WR5 showed no response to all kinds of skin allergy tests and had obvious symptoms of cellular immune deficiency, namely thrush, which lasted for about 1-2 years. WR6 is characterized by chronic or disseminated conditional infection except skin and mucous membrane, that is girl butt , entering typical AIDS, and most of the patients die within 2 years.

(2) asymptomatic HIV infection period

Asymptomatic HIV infection period is characterized by absence of symptoms, but a small number of infected patients have persistent systemic lymph node enlargement, often symmetrical, with neck, occipital and axilla, lymph node diameter-gt;1cm, no conscious pain and tenderness. The viral load of infected patients was stable at a low level, and the number of CD4 cells decreased progressively. The period of asymptomatic infection in adults is generally 7 to 10 years, during which the HIV antibody is positive.

(3) Prophase of AIDS

Infected people develop persistent or intermittent systemic symptoms and "mild" opportunistic infections, that is, AIDS-associated syndrome (ARC). ARC refers to HIV-positive patients with a series of related symptoms (such as lymph node enlargement, night sweats, fever, diarrhea, etc.), but the degree is not enough to be diagnosed as AIDS. At this time, the plasma viral load of infected patients began to increase, and the number of CD4 cells decreased significantly, often to less than 200 / μ l.

(4) AIDS stage

The HIV virus load in the blood of patients with AIDS is more than tens of thousands of ml,CD4 cells significantly decreased, and the cellular immune function is seriously lost, resulting in fatal opportunistic infection and the occurrence of malignant tumors, as well as wasting syndrome and dementia.

① opportunistic infections: bacterial infections include Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacteria in birds. Viral infections include herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus big ass , EB virus, cytomegalovirus and hepatitis virus infection. Fungal infections include Pneumocystis carinii, Candida, Cryptococcus and histoplasmosis. Protozoa are infected with Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is one of the common causes of death in AIDS patients.

② malignant tumors include Kaposi's sarcoma, lymphoma, invasive cervical cancer and so on.

③ dementia and wasting syndrome.
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