What are the preventive methods of HIV infection?

What are the preventive methods of HIV infection? At present, the discovery of AIDS in China is still an iceberg phenomenon, and most people infected with HIV are hidden in the normal population to spread HIV intentionally / inadvertently. Early detection and early intervention can prevent or reduce second-generation transmission. Early treatment can control and maintain low replication of HIV, delay or prevent its destruction of the immune system, and greatly delay the incidence and death of AIDS.

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is mainly transmitted through sexual contact, injection, blood or blood products and perinatal period, especially injecting drug use and sexual transmission. The preventive principle is to avoid direct contact with blood, saliva, tears, milk, urine, feces, semen and vaginal secretions of HIV infected persons. The following preventive measures can be used for reference.

Avoid sexual contact with human immunodeficiency virus

Anal or vaginal intercourse can cause damage to the rectal or vaginal mucosa. Human immunodeficiency virus in semen and vaginal secretions can be transmitted to each other through the damaged mucosa entering the blood circulation. Strengthen sexual knowledge and health education on sexual behavior related to HIV and AIDS, keep oneself clean and prevent sexual contact with HIV infected persons. Resolutely ban and severely crack down on ugly acts such as prostitution and whoring.

Prevent the spread of injection route

Drug use, especially injecting drug use, is strictly prohibited. We will strengthen anti-drug and detoxification work, strengthen drug education, and eliminate drug victims. Do not share needles, syringes and drugs, use disposable syringes and acupuncture needles, etc. Prevent needles or instruments contaminated by HIV from being stabbed.

Strengthen the management of blood products

To strengthen the management of the blood products market, all blood, plasma and other blood products shall be collected, tested and supplied by blood stations with relevant qualifications, and illegal collection and supply of blood shall be strictly prohibited. The relevant law enforcement departments of the state should resolutely ban underground blood stations and severely crack down on underground blood heads and blood bullies. Strict physical examination of blood donors, including testing for HIV antibodies. Donation of whole blood, plasma, organs, tissue or semen should be prohibited for high-risk groups. It is strictly forbidden to import all kinds of blood products from abroad, including whole blood, plasma, human albumin, gamma globulin, all kinds of blood components, etc.

Cut off mother-to-child transmission

Women infected with HIV, especially those infected with HIV-1, should avoid pregnancy as far as possible in order to prevent mother-to-child transmission. Because HIV can be transmitted to infants through breastfeeding, breast-feeding women infected with HIV should not breastfeed, but should be fed artificially instead. CD4+T lymphocytes-gt;200/ μ l AIDS pregnant women, with AIT in prenatal, labor and infant treatment, has a certain protective effect.

Strengthen disinfection and isolation measures

Articles or instruments contaminated by blood or body fluids can be wiped or soaked with effective disinfectants, such as freshly prepared sodium hypochlorite solution of 500 × 10-6 × 5 000 × 10-6 (1 ∶ 10 × 1 ∶ dilution) or 1 ∶ 10 diluted chlorine-containing lime solution. Waste items used by patients should be disinfected before other treatment or incineration. Avoid direct contact with the patient's blood or body fluids, wear gloves and isolation clothes. When inadvertently contaminated by blood or body fluids, it should be washed and disinfected immediately and thoroughly.

Strengthen the propaganda and education work

So that the broad masses of people have a correct understanding of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Pay attention to personal hygiene and do not share toothbrushes big black ass , razor blades, utensils, pots and towels.

Strengthen business training

The personnel of epidemic prevention and medical institutions should be trained in relevant professional knowledge, improve their professional level, standardize diagnosis and treatment, including the promotion of international standard treatment programs, and formulate treatment guidance programs suitable for rural areas of our country.

HIV vaccine

The research and production of an effective HIV vaccine may be the hope for the eradication of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. However, because of the high mutation rate of HIV gene dildo squirt , the integration of virus gene into human host cells and the direct invasion of host immune system, it is very difficult to develop HIV vaccine. Although a lot of manpower and material resources have been invested at home and abroad to carry out long-term research, and a variety of vaccines, such as inactivated vaccine, attenuated vaccine, subunit vaccine, nucleic acid vaccine, neutralizing antibody vaccine, and so on, there is still no successful vaccine. At present, some mature vaccines abroad are in preclinical or clinical trials, but most of them are subtype B HIV strains. However, subtypes A, B, B', C and E are prevalent in China, so it is not known whether the vaccines developed abroad can be applied to our country. Therefore, it is very important to develop HIV vaccine based on epidemic strains in China. However, judging from the current domestic situation, there is still a long way to go.

Strengthen the surveillance of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Due to the extremely uneven economic and cultural development in various parts of our country; most people dildo squirt , including a considerable number of medical staff, lack of knowledge of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; people's sexual concept changes, cohabiting casually, multiple sexual partners; the re-spread of ugly phenomena such as prostitution and whoring; the gradual spread of drug abuse and drug trafficking; the extremely weak conditions of primary medical care. And the monitoring work of medical, health and epidemic prevention institutions at all levels is very unbalanced, and so on, which has caused the spread of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in China. The infection rate of HIV and the incidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in China have entered a period of rapid growth, and the population base of our country is huge. The negative impact of its development trend on social, political and economic life can not be underestimated. Therefore, it is very important to strengthen the monitoring of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and improve the monitoring network so that the country can accurately grasp the changes of the epidemic situation and formulate corresponding laws and regulations and take timely and effective prevention and control measures.

(1) to implement and strengthen the epidemic reporting system: especially the epidemic reporting of grass-roots medical and health institutions should be implemented.

(2) strengthen the monitoring of high-risk groups: the current key monitoring targets in China include: people who have used foreign blood products in ①; people who have had sexual relations with foreigners in ②; ③ overseas students, labor personnel, long-term resident and visitors, etc.; long-term foreign guests love egg , tourists, foreign students, diplomats, etc.; ⑤ prostitution, whoring and drug addicts ⑥ has been in close contact with people infected with HIV and patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

(3) strengthen frontier quarantine: prohibit people infected with HIV and patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome from entering the country.
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