What are the diagnostic methods for the latent period of syphilis that is not obvious?

Latent syphilis was called latent syphilis in previous textbooks. The main reason for latent syphilis is that syphilis is untreated, or the dosage of therapeutic drugs is insufficient, the treatment is not thorough, the patient has no clinical symptoms and the syphilis serum reaction is positive.

There is another situation, the patient has had a certain way of infection, but due to the patient's strong resistance, no or only very insignificant clinical symptoms such as cervical hard chancre wand vibrator , there has been no clinical manifestation since then penis pump , but syphilis serum is positive, this is latent syphilis.

The occurrence of latent syphilis mainly depends on the immunity of the body itself and the result of the contest between treatment and Treponema pallidum. When the immune function of the body is normal, or the drugs related to the treatment of syphilis have been irregularly used in the treatment of other diseases, resulting in a certain therapeutic effect, Treponema pallidum in the body is limited to a certain extent; when the body is in poor health at a certain stage and the immune function decreases, Treponema pallidum can take the opportunity to move widely in the human body and damage various tissues. When the former situation occurs, it is latent syphilis, and when the latter occurs, it is called apparent syphilis.

The stage of latent syphilis is completely the same as that of dominant syphilis big ass , acquired syphilis is defined by 2 years old, and congenital syphilis is divided into early stage and late stage.

Latent syphilis, because the patient basically has no feeling and performance, even if it is also very slight, it is easy to be ignored by the patient himself and does not attract attention, and does not go to see a doctor in time. While spirochetes still exist in the tissues of the body, the destruction of tissues and organs is still going on, and latent syphilis patients are still contagious, posing a threat to nearby sexual partners or relatives who live closely together.

It can be seen that in order to detect patients with latent syphilis early, it is very important to carry out syphilis serum screening test in various populations.

Five good strategies for diagnosis and detection of syphilis in latent period

Syphilis has a certain latent period in the human body, and there are methods to detect the diagnosis in the early stage of the disease. This article will introduce five detection schemes in detail, hoping to be helpful to the treatment of patients. Let's learn about the five good strategies for diagnosis and detection of syphilis in the incubation period.

1. Dark field microscopic examination

Dark field microscopy is a method of examining Treponema pallidum. Dark vision, as the name implies, means that there is no bright light under the microscope, which makes it easy to examine pale spirals. This is a pathogen test, which is of great significance for the diagnosis of early syphilis.

Pallid spirochetes can be detected in early skin and mucosal lesions (primary and secondary fungal sores). Pallid spirochetes of primary syphilis are often found in hard chancre, ulcer secretions and exudates, and enlarged lymph node puncture can also be detected. Treponema pallidum in secondary syphilis can be detected in blood and tissues of the whole body, but the detection rate in skin is the highest. Early congenital syphilis, Treponema pallidum can be found by scraping skin or mucosal lesions. Recently, the amniotic fluid of pregnant women was obtained by amniocentesis and observed under dark field microscope, which is valuable in the diagnosis of congenital syphilis.

2. Serological detection of syphilis

Serological examination of syphilis is of great significance in diagnosing secondary and tertiary syphilis, judging the development and recovery of syphilis, and judging the curative effect of drugs. Serological tests for syphilis include non-Treponema pallidum serological test and Treponema pallidum serological test. The former is often used for clinical screening and judging the effect of treatment, and the result can be obtained within 1 hour after blood sampling, and the cost is also low. The latter is mainly used to determine the trial, but it can not determine the effectiveness of treatment, once suffering from syphilis, this test will be positive for life.

(1) the antigens of non-Treponema pallidum serum test are divided into cardiolipin, lecithin and cholesterol suspension, which are used to detect anticardiolipin antibodies. Because these tests have the same standardized antigen, the sensitivity is similar. There are three commonly used: ① STD research laboratory slide test (VDRL); ② serum unheated Reagin slide test (USR); ③ rapid plasma Reagin ring card test (RPR). It can be used for clinical screening, quantitative and curative effect observation.

(2) Treponema pallidum serum tests include ① fluorescent Treponema pallidum antibody absorption test (FTA-ABS), ② Treponema pallidum hemagglutination test (TPHA), ③ Treponema pallidum test (TPI) and so on. This kind of test has high specificity and is mainly used in diagnostic test.

3. Detection of IgM antibody against Treponema pallidum.

Detection of Treponema pallidum IgM antibody is a new method for the diagnosis of syphilis in recent years. IgM antibody is a kind of immunoglobulin, which has the advantages of high sensitivity in the diagnosis of syphilis, early diagnosis and judging whether the fetus is infected with Treponema pallidum. The production of specific IgM antibodies is the first humoral immune response of the body after infection with syphilis and other bacteria or viruses, which is generally positive in the early stage of infection, and then increases slowly with the development of the disease. After effective treatment, IgM antibody disappeared and IgG antibody persisted. After penicillin treatment, TP-IgM disappeared in patients with primary syphilis with positive TP-IgM. IgM disappeared within 2-8 months after penicillin treatment in patients with TP-IgM positive secondary syphilis. In addition, the detection of TP-IgM is of great significance in the diagnosis of congenital syphilis in newborns, because the IgM antibody molecule is large, and its maternal IgM antibody cannot pass through the placenta. If TP-IgM is positive, it means that the baby has been infected.

4. Molecular biology detection.

In recent years, with the rapid development of molecular biology, PCR technology is widely used in clinic, the so-called PCR is polymerase chain reaction, that is, amplifying the selected spirochete DNA sequence from the selected material, so as to increase the number of copies of the selected spirochete DNA, which can be easily detected with specific probes to improve the diagnosis rate. However, this experimental method requires laboratories with absolutely good conditions and first-class technicians, but there are few laboratories of such high level in our country at present. Otherwise, if there is pollution, what you put in is Treponema pallidum, and E. coli appears after DNA amplification, which makes you laugh and cry. Some small clinics often follow the fashion, put up a PCR lab sign, eat and drink together, can only deceive themselves and others. In fact, the diagnosis of syphilis does not have to do PCR, do a general blood test.

5. Examination of cerebrospinal fluid

Patients with advanced syphilis, when there are neurological symptoms, after expelling plum treatment is ineffective, cerebrospinal fluid examination should be made. This examination is helpful for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of neurosyphilis. The examination items should include cell count, total protein determination large dildo , VDRL test and colloidal gold test.

To sum up, the five types of detection methods of syphilis are introduced in detail for your reference, hoping to be helpful to the majority of friends. If the body does not adapt to see a doctor in time, so that early detection and early treatment.

Carefully "dig" for symptoms of latent syphilis

Latent syphilis refers to patients who have been diagnosed with syphilis, in a certain period, the skin, mucous membrane and any organ system and cerebrospinal fluid examination are not abnormal, physical examination, chest X-ray are lack of clinical manifestations of syphilis, cerebrospinal fluid examination is normal, but only syphilis serum reaction positive, or have a clear history of syphilis infection, never have any clinical manifestation.

Latent syphilis-symptoms:

Latent syphilis refers to patients who have been diagnosed with syphilis, in a certain period, the skin, mucous membrane and any organ system and cerebrospinal fluid examination are not abnormal, physical examination, chest X-ray are lack of clinical manifestations of syphilis, cerebrospinal fluid examination is normal, but only syphilis serum reaction positive, or have a clear history of syphilis infection, never have any clinical manifestation. It's called latent syphilis. The diagnosis of latent syphilis depends on the history of primary and secondary syphilis, the history of contact with syphilis and the infant history of congenital syphilis. Previous negative results of syphilis serum test and history of disease or contact help to determine the duration of latent syphilis. The infection time is less than 2 years for early latent syphilis, more than 2 years for late latent syphilis, and the other type is latent syphilis with uncertain disease stage. Latent syphilis does not appear symptoms because the body's own immunity is strong, or Treponema pallidum is temporarily suppressed because of treatment. During latent syphilis, Treponema pallidum still intermittently appears in the blood, and pregnant women with latent syphilis can infect the fetus in the womb. It can also be infected to blood recipients because of blood donation.

Latent syphilis-diagnostic basis:

Early latent syphilis can be judged comprehensively on the basis of the following conditions: the serological changes of ① continuous syphilis, that is, whether the non-Treponema pallidum test has increased by 4 times or more; whether ② has the symptomatic history of primary or secondary syphilis; whether ③ 's sexual partner has primary, secondary or latent syphilis with a course of less than 2 years; the diagnosis can only be diagnosed if the ④ gene is positive for Treponema pallidum DNA. In addition to early latent syphilis, almost all of them are syphilis with unknown disease stage, and this kind of syphilis should be treated as late latent syphilis. For children with latent syphilis diagnosed after neonatal period, the mother's medical history and the birth condition of the child should be carefully analyzed to determine whether the patient is congenital or acquired syphilis. All patients with latent syphilis should be examined for symptoms of tertiary syphilis, such as arteritis, neurosyphilis, gum swelling and iritis.
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