Several ways of transmission of syphilis what are the treatment principles of syphilis?

Syphilis is a chronic contagious disease. The pathogen of syphilis is Treponema pallidum (Treponema pallidum), a spirochete that is seriously pathogenic to humans and can invade any organ and produce a variety of symptoms. Treponema pallidum only infects humans, so syphilis is the only source of infection. Its route of transmission, acquired syphilis is mainly transmitted through sexual intercourse, a few can be transmitted through kissing, and occasionally transmitted to the fetus through the placenta. Untreated syphilis patients have the greatest infectivity within one year after infection, and the longer the duration of the disease, the less contagious it is. Four years after infection, it is generally not contagious through sexual contact, but it can still be transmitted by fetus.

Interpretation of several ways of transmission of syphilis

The infectivity of syphilis is very strong male masturbation toys , the route of transmission can be divided into direct contact can be divided into sexual contact and non-sexual contact. Most people do not go to improper places and feel inconceivable that they have syphilis. The main ways of transmission of syphilis are as follows.

1. Sexual contact transmission

Clinically, more than 90% of syphilis is transmitted through sexual contact with syphilis patients. The ways of sexual contact include sexual intercourse, warm kissing and hugging of skin contact. Because the skin and mucous membrane of the human genitals are thin, the blood vessels are rich, and the sexual intercourse is in a state of extreme hyperemia, sexual friction can cause slight damage, creating conditions for the invasion of Treponema pallidum.

2. Indirect contact transmission

Exposure to things used by syphilis patients, such as the patient's clothes, bedding, articles, supplies, utensils, toilets, toilets and bath towels, may be contaminated by the patient's secretions and infected with Treponema pallidum. Even healthy people who live closely with syphilis patients are vulnerable to syphilis when minor wounds come into contact with these pathogenic bacteria.

3. Blood-borne transmission

The course of syphilis is longer, and Treponema pallidum can be latent in the patient's blood for a period of time. Especially in patients with latent syphilis, although the body is infected with pathogens, there can be no clinical manifestations. Healthy people or patients with various other diseases can infect syphilis by transfusion of blood or blood products provided by them.

4. Placental transmission

If a pregnant woman is infected with syphilis, the fetus can transmit syphilis through the placenta during pregnancy. Pregnant women suffer from syphilis, without timely detection and treatment, or incomplete treatment. Treponema pallidum can be transmitted to the fetus through the blood circulation of the placenta, making the fetus infected with syphilis. Placental infection mainly occurs during early syphilis in pregnant women. When the fetus passes through the birth canal infected with syphilis, the pallid Treponema pallidum in the birth canal can be infected to the fetus, causing the newborn to infect syphilis.

What is the treatment principle of syphilis?

Syphilis is a chronic, systematic sexually transmitted disease caused by Treponema pallidum. Mainly through sexual transmission, clinical manifestations of primary syphilis, secondary syphilis, tertiary syphilis, latent syphilis and congenital syphilis (fetal syphilis) and so on. It is listed as a category B disease in the Law of the people's Republic of China on the Prevention and treatment of Infectious Diseases.

Syphilis can be divided into the following treatments according to the different diseases.

1. Principles of treatment

Emphasize early diagnosis, early treatment, regular course of treatment and adequate dose. Regular clinical and laboratory follow-up were carried out after treatment. Sexual partners should be checked and treated together. Early syphilis can be cured clinically and eliminate infectivity after thorough treatment. The treatment of late syphilis can eliminate inflammation in the tissue, but the damaged tissue is difficult to repair.

Penicillin, such as water agent penicillin, procaine penicillin, benzylpenicillin, etc., are the first choice for syphilis in different stages. People who are allergic to penicillin can choose tetracycline penis cage , erythromycin and so on. Jihai reaction may occur in some patients at the beginning of penicillin treatment, which can be prevented by low dose or other drugs. The serum should be reexamined every 3 months in the first year after syphilis treatment, and then every 6 months for 3 years. Neurosyphilis and cardiovascular syphilis should be followed up for life.

2. Early syphilis (including primary and secondary syphilis and early latent syphilis)

(1) penicillin therapy benzylpenicillin g (long-acting cicillin) was injected intramuscularly on both sides of the buttocks, once a week for a total of 2-3 times. Procaine penicillin g, intramuscular injection, continuous for 15 days, the total amount was 8 million u ~ 12 million u.

(2) tetracycline hydrochloride was taken orally for 15 days in patients with penicillin allergy. Doxycycline, for 15 days.

3. Advanced syphilis (including tertiary skin, mucous membrane, skeletal syphilis, late latent syphilis) and secondary recurrent syphilis

(1) penicillin benzylpenicillin gpenicillin, once a week, intramuscular injection, a total of 3 times. Procaine penicillin g, intramuscular injection, for 20 days. The treatment can be repeated once after an interval of 2 weeks.

(2) tetracycline hydrochloride was taken orally for 30 days in patients with penicillin allergy. Doxycycline, for 30 days.

4. Neurosyphilis

Should be hospitalized, in order to avoid Gehertz reaction in the treatment, oral prednisone one day before injection of penicillin, once a day for 3 consecutive days.

The main results were as follows: (1) penicillin g was given intravenously for 14 days.

(2) procaine penicillin g was injected intramuscularly and probenecid was taken orally for 10 to 14 days.

After the above treatment, benzylpenicillin was given once a week, intramuscularly for 3 weeks.

5. Syphilis during pregnancy

According to the treatment plan of syphilis in the corresponding period penis pumps to treat ed , one course of treatment was used in the first 3 months of pregnancy and one course of treatment was used in the last 3 months of pregnancy. Patients with penicillin allergy were treated with erythromycin, early syphilis for 15 days, secondary recurrence and advanced syphilis for 30 days. The babies were treated with penicillin.

6. Fetal syphilis (congenital syphilis)

Early congenital syphilis (less than 2 years old) cerebrospinal fluid abnormality: water penicillin g or procaine penicillin g treatment, the specific dose as directed by the doctor. Patients with normal cerebrospinal fluid: benzylpenicillin g, injected once (divided into bilateral gluteal muscles). If the cerebrospinal fluid is examined unconditionally, it can be treated as abnormal cerebrospinal fluid.

7. Treatment of syphilis in pregnant women

(1) married women with a history of syphilis must have a comprehensive syphilis test before pregnancy. Women who have had unclean sex or have been infected with syphilis had better go to a regular hospital for a comprehensive syphilis test before planning to get pregnant. For those married women who have completed syphilis treatment and have no obvious symptoms of syphilis, they can not get pregnant until they are sure that syphilis is cured.

(2) examination and treatment of syphilis during pregnancy: serological examination of syphilis should be performed in the first 3 months and the end of pregnancy. If syphilis is found to be infected, it should be treated regularly to reduce the chance of fetal syphilis.

8. Jihai reaction in the treatment of syphilis

Fever, headache, joint pain, nausea, vomiting and syphilis rash may occur within a few hours after the first use of poison therapy, which is a Jihai reaction, and most of the symptoms will be relieved within 24 hours. In order to prevent the occurrence of Jihai reaction, penicillin can be gradually increased from a small dose to a normal dose. For neurosyphilis and cardiovascular syphilis, a short course of prednisone can be given before treatment, given in stages, and gradually discontinued 2-4 days after anti-syphilis treatment. Corticosteroids can reduce the fever of Jihai reaction, but the effect on local inflammation is uncertain.
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