Introduction of three ways of transmission of AIDS testing method of available test strip for AIDS

AIDS is a very harmful infectious disease, caused by infection with HIV virus. HIV is a virus that attacks the body's immune system. It takes the most important T lymphocytes in the human immune system as the main target, destroying the cells in large quantities and making the body lose its immune function. Therefore, the human body is easy to be infected with various diseases, and malignant tumors can occur, and the fatality rate is high. The average incubation period of HIV in human body is 8-9 years. Before suffering from AIDS, people can live and work without any symptoms for many years.

Two kinds of glycoproteins, gp120 and gp41, are embedded in the lipoprotein envelope of HIV in vitro. Gp120 has affinity with CD4 glycoprotein on the surface of lymphocytes and can specifically bind to it. Gp41 mediates the fusion of virus envelope and host cell membrane. Therefore, HIV can selectively invade CD4+ lymphocytes after reaching the blood through skin and mucous membrane damage or other pathways such as blood.

After HIV invades CD4+ lymphocytes, under the action of viral reverse transcriptase, DNA is synthesized and integrated into the chromosomes of host cells. The integrated viral DNA can replicate in the cell, form a complete virion and release outside the cell, die, infect new cells huge dildo , or show latent infection, and enter the offspring cells with cell division.

At the initial stage of infection, HIV replicated in large quantities, resulting in viremia and the expression of capsid antigen p24. The clinical manifestation was acute HIV infection. Due to the large number of intracellular replication of HIV, CD4+ lymphocytes were damaged and died, and CD4+T cells decreased significantly. However, under the immune action of the body, CD8+CTL is activated to kill HIV infected cells and produce anti-HIV antibodies at the same time, viremia is quickly cleared and the number of CD4+ lymphocytes increases.

However, HIV was not completely killed and entered a state of persistent latent infection. HIV was replicated at a low level, and the clinical manifestation was asymptomatic HIV infection. With the continuous replication and spread of HIV, CD4+ lymphocytes continue to die, which leads to the depletion of CD4+ lymphocytes, serious destruction of immune function, infection of various conditional pathogenic bacteria and tumors, clinical manifestations of AIDS, and finally death.

Introduction to three ways of transmission of AIDS

There are three main routes of transmission of AIDS, including sexual transmission, blood transmission and mother-to-child transmission, among which sexual transmission and blood transmission are the main routes of transmission of AIDS. The route of transmission of AIDS does not include general contact best ass , so AIDS patients should not be discriminated against in life, such as eating together, shaking hands and so on will not spread AIDS.

1. The first way of transmission of AIDS: sexual contact.

Including sexual contact between the same sex and the opposite sex. Anal sex and oral sex have a greater risk of infection.

2. The second way of transmission of AIDS: blood transmission.

(1) inject blood or blood products that are contaminated with HIV.

(2) intravenous drug addicts share unsterilized needles and syringes contaminated by HIV.

(3) sharing other medical devices or household appliances (such as sharing toothbrushes and razors with infected people) may also be transmitted through damaged areas, but it is rare.

(4) syringes and needles are not thoroughly disinfected or not sterilized, especially for children who fail to achieve one shot and one tube for preventive injection; stomatology instruments, midwifery instruments, surgical instruments and needles for acupuncture treatment are not strictly or disinfected; knives, needles for hairdressing (such as eyebrow tattooing, ear piercing), tattooing, etc., tattoos and pedicure knives in the bathroom are not sterilized; sharing shavers, razors, or toothbrushes with others Transfusion of blood or blood products from blood donors who have not been tested for HIV antibodies, as well as transfusion of bone marrow and organs in similar cases; when rescuing the bleeding wounded ed vacuum pump , the damaged skin of the rescuer comes into contact with the blood of the injured.

3. The third way of transmission of AIDS: mother-to-child transmission.

Also known as perinatal transmission, that is, mothers infected with HIV transmit HIV to their fetus or baby before, during and shortly after delivery. It can be transmitted through the placenta, through the birth canal during delivery, or through lactation.

AIDS test strip test method

AIDS test paper is a rapid test, 20-40 minutes to show the results, so in the reagent category is not generational. Only domestic or imported enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or chemiluminescence can be divided into three or four generations, of which four generations can be completely excluded in only four weeks. In addition, the second generation of AIDS testing reagents has been discontinued, so there are no second generation reagents on the market.

The monitoring principle of AIDS test strip is: AIDS test strip is a new generation of testing reagent developed by colloidal gold immunochromatography technology, which can detect HIV-1/2 specific antibodies in serum or plasma samples. All the operation time is about 15 minutes, the action is simple, rapid, accurate, with its own quality control, without all additional agents. It is suitable for clinical examination and on-site screening of unpaid blood donation.

The window period is 2-6 weeks, calculated from the date of high risk occurrence, and HIV can be tested after 2 weeks, whichever is 6 weeks later. The purpose of the development of AIDS test strip is to quickly, conveniently and accurately diagnose whether HIV is infected or not. Now AIDS test strip has been widely used, not only self-test, hospitals and CDC are also using AIDS test strip. For example, the commonly used Abbott, Ekon, Ewell and other test strips, the accuracy of a single test is more than 97%. If the test results are the same for two or more times, the test results can be considered to be 100% accurate.
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