Care should be taken when using public toilets with multiple ways of transmission of STDs.

It is said that venereal diseases are the punishment of God for those who are sexually abusive. However, modern medicine has found that many people have inadvertently stepped on the "minefield" without exceeding the "minefield". At that time, shouting injustice will inevitably lead to a lot of embarrassment and trouble. the "minefield" of sexually transmitted diseases is in our daily life, so we must always be vigilant.

Minefield 1-sauna

Jiashan is still a very traditional woman, but in recent days, she has found some pus scabs on her underwear and a small amount of yellow pus in her vagina. She doesn't think so at first, but gradually she often feels bloated in her lower abdomen. After a simple laboratory test and examination in the hospital, it was confirmed that he had gonorrhea big ass . Doctors say her sexual partner may also be infected and will come for examination and treatment. She hurriedly escaped from the clinic, her heart full of grievances-even if she had been really flirtatious, she was like a jade guard, lonely lights every night, bearing this false name in vain, which was even worse than Dou E'e! Under the careful inquiry of an old friend who was a dermatologist, Jiashan remembered that she had gone to the sauna with several female partners two weeks ago and had sat on a friend's cushion.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae can remain contagious for more than 10 hours without disinfectant and survive for 15 minutes at 42 degrees Celsius. It can be transmitted by contact.

Lightning protection methods:

Reduce going to public bathrooms and saunas, especially to avoid small bathrooms with poor sanitation.

You should also be vigilant about the sitting toilets in office buildings.

Take adhere to the use of their own cushions, try not to make the skin, especially the vulva in direct contact with public goods.

Minefield 2-contact infection

Aileen hired a babysitter to take care of her 3-year-old son. Finally looking forward to Sunday, she personally bathed her son when she suddenly found several rashes the size of rice grains on the child's little buttocks, all around the anus. The next day she came to the hospital with her child. There were a few words on the diagnosis: "condyloma acuminatum"! My god! Venereal disease!

Through multi-consultation, she learned that the disease is spread through daily contact, such as bath towels, bathtubs and so on. On the back of the babysitter's hand and on her face, there are a few "bristles".

Doctors explained that verruca plana and condyloma acuminatum are all caused by human papillomavirus infection. In most cases, their pathogens are different subtypes of the virus, but they can also be the same type. The genital mucosa of children is relatively thin and tender, so they are more likely to be invaded by the virus.

Lightning protection methods:

Suffering from verruca plana or verruca plana. To go to the hospital in time, although this is a non-sexually transmitted disease, but can also be transmitted through contact with sexually transmitted diseases. Try not to touch yourself or your child's mucous membrane. Children may also become innocent victims of sexually transmitted diseases. If adults are suspected of having condyloma acuminatum, gonorrhea, syphilis, etc., do not share toiletries with your family until cured, especially do not sleep with your child.

Minefield 3-sharing tableware

When Lin Fang attended a party of old college friends two months ago, everyone began to drink to the bottle. When a friend handed over the wine bottle, Lin Fang hesitated slightly, but wanted to pay attention to hygiene at this time. It was too disappointing, so I drank it. A week later, he found a "big ulcer" on the inside of his lip and ignored it without pain. Who knew the ulcer was getting bigger and bigger, so he went to the hospital for an examination. Several doctors discussed it and called him to a single room. He was told that he was suffering from a "hard chancre." That is syphilis infection! Lin Fang shouted his grievances, and the doctor was puzzled. A few days later, he learned from an old friend that a friend who was drinking that day also had the disease, and he had a bad mouth at first. He consulted a doctor, and finally understood the whole story.

Primary syphilis, also known as hard chancre, is highly contagious because the surface is eroded. It occurs not only in the vulva, but also in the lips, tongue and other parts.

Lightning protection methods:

As catering utensils can also spread sexually transmitted diseases, especially those that are prone to oral mucosa, try not to share them with others.

If there is a handsome man who doesn't know the details, give you a hot and passionate kiss, be sure to fully assess its danger.

Painless ulcers in the oral cavity should be treated in time.

Some venereal diseases can even have no special symptoms, such as primary syphilis, condyloma acuminatum, often painless and itching, easy to be ignored. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the abnormal performance of genitals and mucous membrane.

Minefield 4-Pool

Qian Rong is a swimming instructor. During this period of time, after each training, she felt a little tired, usually felt some discomfort in her lower body, and her secretions increased. Busy she did not care, however, "it never rains but it pours", and her eyes gradually feel uncomfortable. Not only do she often shed tears, but she is also as red as "rabbit eyes". She had to come to the hospital. After examination from various departments all the way, she also got a clear picture of her illness. It turns out that the eyes are suffering from "inclusion conjunctivitis", which is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, while the faint discomfort of the lower body is "chlamydia urethritis". In the final analysis, it is caused by "Chlamydia trachomatis".

The doctor told her that this infection, especially chlamydial urethritis, has increased recently and has become one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases. Combined with her professional characteristics, the swimming pool is the main culprit in excluding sexually transmitted diseases.

Lightning protection methods:

Go to a swimming place where sanitary conditions are guaranteed. Take a shower before and after swimming. Special attention should be paid to eye hygiene after swimming and eye drops with bactericidal effect should be used.

Which diseases are transmitted?

Syphilis, gonorrhea and condyloma acuminatum are all possible.

The American popular Medical News website previously published an article saying: "it is impossible for public toilets to transmit sexually transmitted diseases, because a solid surface like the toilet is not conducive to the spread of sexually transmitted diseases." However, the survey shows that 74% of people in the United States believe that toilets can spread sexually transmitted diseases.

Some domestic experts also raised objections to this, and pointed out: "skin diseases that can be transmitted through contact, such as skin tinea and superficial fungi, as well as sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhea and syphilis, may be transmitted through sharing toilets."

"in the vast majority of cases, STDs are transmitted through sexual life, as well as through blood transmission, mother-to-child vertical transmission and indirect contact," said Li Xiaowei, deputy director of the Department of Dermatology and venereal Diseases at Guangdong Maternal and Child Health Hospital. Therefore, it can not be completely ruled out that public toilets will not transmit sexually transmitted diseases, there is still the possibility of infection under very special conditions. Among the eight kinds of venereal diseases legally tested in China, syphilis, gonorrhea and condyloma acuminatum may occasionally be infected through contact with contaminated toilets, but nongonococcal urethritis (cervicitis). Genital herpes, AIDS, chancre and venereal lymphogranuloma generally do not spread infection through the toilet. "

In addition to the above several common venereal diseases, some gynecological and skin diseases can also be spread by contaminated toilets. "We do not rule out the possibility that public toilets can spread vaginitis and other gynecological diseases, such as vaginitis caused by various bacteria and Candida albicans, but the chance is not too high," said Tan Xiaochang, deputy director of gynecology at Guangdong Maternal and Child Health Hospital. " As for the common cervicitis in gynecology, it will not be transmitted through the toilet.

The toilet can also contaminate the skin. Li Xiaowei said that if the skin is in direct contact with unclean toilet seats, it is easy to cause cross-infection and can be infected with fungal skin diseases such as tinea corporis and tinea cruris. This can happen not only in public places, but also in families. "the principle is similar to that of 'Hong Kong foot' (tinea pedis) caused by wearing shoes worn by others."

How does it spread?

Body contact toilet seat + splashes

It is reported that there are many microbes on the toilet that are invisible to the naked eye: viruses, bacteria, fungi or parasites. For example, dysentery bacilli, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Candida albicans, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, infection of these microorganisms may cause SARS, skin diseases, liver diseases and other infectious diseases, serious can be life-threatening.

So, when using public toilets, under what circumstances are you likely to be infected with disease-causing microbes? "whether it is physical contact with the toilet seat or splashes, it is possible to get infected, and the former is more likely to be infected. However, the following conditions need to be met at the same time in order to be infected with STDs and skin diseases in public toilets. " Li Xiaowei said: first, there are enough pathogenic microorganisms in places with dense flow of people; second, the toilet has been used by patients with venereal diseases or skin diseases before, especially leaving bloody, purulent or mucus-like secretions to contaminate the toilet; third, the user's skin and mucous membrane are damaged and exposed to these microorganisms, coupled with the user's low immunity, it is possible to get sick.

Li Xiaowei mentioned that he had come across an example of gonorrhea caused by the use of public toilets in the clinic. Miss Lin went to the hospital to see a venereal disease, but she didn't understand: "how could you get gonorrhea if you didn't have sex?" She suddenly recalled that she had used the public toilet at the railway station. Due to the strong water pressure during flushing, the liquid mixed with stool and urine splashed on her body, causing Miss Lin to get sick. "this example also reminds us that it is best to cover and flush and wash hands before going to the toilet."

Experts remind:

Toothbrushes, towels, etc. should stay away from the toilet.

Li Xiaowei said that in addition to using public toilets, places with dense crowds such as saunas, hot springs and foot washers should also be vigilant. He mentioned that he had received two children with condyloma acuminatum and gonorrhea, and their families did not have sexually transmitted diseases, but the children were infected. Therefore, there is a hidden danger of indirect contact with sexually transmitted diseases in public places.

When using public toilets, you should pay attention to the following aspects:

one. Get into the habit of washing hands before defecation, because microbes can be transmitted to other parts of the body through hands. Compared with toilets, people are more likely to come into contact with microbes from doorknobs, faucets and other places. If the hands come into contact with unclean microbes, and then get paper towels girl using vibrator , this situation can also cause infection. In addition, flush the water before going to the toilet to prevent the uncleanliness of the previous users from remaining in the toilet.

two. Try to use squatting, do not sit in the toilet. If conditions permit, you can boil two pots of boiling water before using the hotel or hotel toilet, sprinkle it on the toilet seat, or use a disposable toilet seat, or wipe the toilet seat clean with a paper towel. In addition, pay attention to prevent liquid splashing when using the toilet. If it is a home toilet, it should be cleaned and disinfected regularly and scrubbed with disinfectant every 1-2 days.

three. Cover it before flushing after going to the toilet to avoid pollution caused by water fog splashing. In addition to toilets, squatting toilets should also be on the lookout for spatter. According to reports, a study by the University of Arizona in the United States shows that bacteria can spread as far as 0.8 meters after flushing the toilet. Therefore, toothbrushes, towels, contact lenses and other personal items should be placed at least 0.9 meters away from the toilet, preferably in the cabinet.

four. Wash your hands after going to the toilet. Don't touch everywhere. Neisseria gonorrhoeae can produce purulent secretions in the vulva or urethral orifice. if the hands are accidentally touched, rubbing the eyes with contaminated hands can lead to gonococcal conjunctivitis. Because Neisseria gonorrhoeae can grow and reproduce in the mucous membrane, the eye is no exception.

Abnormal genitals are not all venereal diseases.

It should be aboveboard to see a doctor when you are ill. However, people who find abnormal conditions in their genitals often hope that it is best to solve the problem by themselves. In addition to thinking that privacy is always not "exposed", there is one thing that makes them feel most shameful, that is, they suspect that they have sexually transmitted diseases. Ordinary people have a certain understanding of venereal diseases, once diseases occur in the genitals, they know how to be vigilant, which is a good thing. However, abnormal manifestations of genital parts such as increased leucorrhea, vaginal itching, vaginal sores and urethral pus are often caused by dermatology, gynaecology or urology, and are not necessarily venereal diseases. A considerable number of people are so sensitive to venereal diseases that "every tree and every tree is a soldier". Whenever there is an abnormal feeling or performance in the vulva, they are paranoid and taboo about medical treatment. they either secretly buy medicine to treat themselves, or go everywhere to find a traveling doctor in rivers and lakes. as a result, "people and property are hurt" and there is no place to complain. Next, let's analyze the pudendal abnormalities that often cause panic in patients:

Leucorrhea abnormality

Under normal circumstances, the secretion of leucorrhea varies from person to person. Physiological leucorrhea colorless, the appearance is very similar to egg white, slightly sticky, generally before and after menstruation, pregnancy, sexual excitement can increase. Gonorrhea in venereal diseases and cervicitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis infection are often characterized by increased leucorrhea and mucus purulent. When suffering from vaginitis, leucorrhea will also increase. Its color, character, smell can be changed, or white curd, or yellowish green foam, or uniform milk, or fishy smell. These abnormalities are caused by fungal, trichomonal and bacterial infections and are common diseases in women, not venereal diseases.

Pubic lice and other sexually transmitted diseases will cause vaginal itching, but when vaginal itching, we should consider more general skin diseases than venereal diseases. Fungal infection of the vulva is the most common cause of pruritus of the vulva. If it occurs in the vulva, patients not only feel itching, but also find redness in the skin and mucosa of the vulva. Men with excessively long prepuce are particularly prone to erosive balanitis caused by fungal balanitis and Fenson microbial infection, which often makes patients itch and uncomfortable, while the prepuce is slightly swollen, accompanied by purulent components. If you flip the prepuce and erase the secretions, you can see that the mucosal surface of the prepuce glans is red and there are some superficial erosion. In addition, eczema and neurodermatitis (common in scrotal skin) of external obstruction are skin diseases characterized by itching. Scabies can also cause mirages, a skin disease caused by strange worms that can be transmitted through sexual contact. But in China, scabies is often transmitted through general direct or indirect contact, not only in the vulva, other parts of the body can also occur, in collective life, poor health conditions, scabies transmission is very common, not venereal diseases.

Vulva has "sores"

Here generally refers to the occurrence of ulcerative or non-ulcerative damage to the vulva. Of course, it is necessary to consider sexually transmitted diseases, such as syphilis, genital scar rash and genital warts, but it cannot be generalized. Many people will have a drug eruption after taking a certain drug, and it will be fixed in the genitals, which is allergic to this drug. In addition, the stimulation of external drugs, vaginal suppositories, deodorants, contraceptives and soap can make some people have contact dermatitis in the genitals. There is an acute vulvar ulcer that occurs in young women, with one or more painful ulcers in the vulva. The cause of its disease is not clear, but it is not an STD.

External genitalia and eye triad is a systemic disease, in addition to genital collapse, but also oral and eye damage, and even cardiovascular, bone, skin, nerve and gastrointestinal symptoms, is not a venereal disease. Urethral pus if male urethral pus, urine pain, especially after sexual contact best vibrator , we should consider more gonorrhea and chlamydia trachomatis infection, these are more common venereal diseases in our country. Of course, urethral pus can also occur in non-venereal urethritis and prostatitis.

In addition, although STDs and non-STDs have similar clinical manifestations, there is a significant difference: the former is an infectious disease, mainly through sexual contact kick ass , while the latter has no such characteristics. Patients with abnormal vaginal conditions, if there is no love affair, generally do not have to be short first, might as well generously tell the doctor about the disease; if there is a history of suspicious sexual contact, they should go to the regular hospital for examination, do not make blind diagnosis and random treatment. Nowadays, doctors in regular hospitals generally adhere to the standard of "strict" in the diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases and will not casually put on the hat of venereal diseases to patients. Moreover, patients are given a separate space during diagnosis and treatment, so that they are not disturbed and their privacy is protected. Therefore, ask those patients with vulva diseases to put down their psychological burden, bravely step on the door of the hospital, and receive correct treatment as soon as possible.
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